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MRCP PART 1 · INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Infectious diseases questions
for MRCP Part 1.

Clinora has 336 infectious diseases single best answer questions covering 324 topics. Every question explains all five options, separates the key clue from what it means and what to do next, and links to its source. Try the 5 sample questions below, then practise more for free.

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FREE SAMPLE QUESTIONS

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Question 1Diarrhoea/C difficileMedium

A 75-year-old inpatient develops profuse watery diarrhoea five days after starting broad-spectrum antibiotics for a chest infection. Stool testing confirms Clostridioides difficile toxin. What is the most appropriate initial management?

  1. AStart intravenous metronidazole as first-line for all severities
  2. BGive loperamide to control symptoms as first-line treatment
  3. CContinue current antibiotics unchanged and observe
  4. DStop the causative antibiotic if possible and start oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin
  5. ENo specific treatment is needed as this will resolve spontaneously
Show answer and explanation

Answer: D Stop the causative antibiotic if possible and start oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin

Diarrhoea starting days after broad-spectrum antibiotics, with a positive toxin test, is C. difficile infection. Management starts by reviewing the antibiotics: stop the precipitating antibiotic if possible, and stop or review proton pump inhibitors and antimotility drugs. Then treat with an oral antibiotic that acts within the gut lumen. NICE NG199 recommends oral vancomycin first line, with oral fidaxomicin if vancomycin is ineffective; fidaxomicin is also used for a recurrence within 12 weeks. Oral rather than intravenous treatment matters, because the infection is in the colonic lumen and IV vancomycin does not reach it. Metronidazole is no longer first line. Assess severity daily (white cell count, temperature, colitis, rising creatinine), and in life-threatening disease give oral vancomycin with IV metronidazole and seek urgent specialist and surgical input. Isolate the patient and use soap-and-water hand hygiene, because alcohol gel does not kill spores.

Key clue
Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea with confirmed C difficile toxin
What it means
Clostridioides difficile infection
What to do
Isolate the patient, stop precipitating antibiotics if possible, and start first-line oral antibiotic therapy for C difficile

Why the other options are less appropriate

  • A Metronidazole is no longer first line, and IV metronidazole is reserved as an add-on for life-threatening disease. First line is oral vancomycin.
  • B Antimotility drugs such as loperamide can hold toxin in the colon and increase the risk of toxic megacolon, so they should be avoided.
  • C The precipitating antibiotic keeps disrupting the gut flora. Review it and stop it if it is not essential.
  • E Without treatment, C. difficile can progress to severe colitis, perforation or death, particularly in older inpatients.

Source: NICE NG199 Clostridioides difficile infection: antimicrobial prescribing

Question 2Testing/acute infectionMedium

A 26-year-old man presents with fever, sore throat, myalgia and a maculopapular rash two weeks after an unprotected sexual exposure. He is worried about HIV. Which statement about testing is most accurate?

  1. AA negative antibody-only test at 2 weeks definitively excludes HIV
  2. BHIV cannot be diagnosed until 6 months after exposure
  3. CTest now with a fourth-generation (antigen/antibody) HIV test and repeat it 45 days after exposure if negative; this presentation is consistent with acute seroconversion illness
  4. DSymptoms this early cannot be due to HIV and are unrelated
  5. ETesting should be deferred until symptoms resolve
Show answer and explanation

Answer: C Test now with a fourth-generation (antigen/antibody) HIV test and repeat it 45 days after exposure if negative; this presentation is consistent with acute seroconversion illness

Fever, sore throat, myalgia and a maculopapular rash two weeks after unprotected sex is typical of primary HIV infection (seroconversion illness). Viral load and p24 antigen are very high at this stage, before antibodies appear. A fourth-generation test detects both p24 antigen and HIV antibodies, so it shortens the window period compared with antibody-only tests. The BHIVA/BASHH/BIA guideline uses a window period of 45 days for fourth-generation tests. A negative test before then does not fully exclude HIV and should be repeated at 45 days after the exposure. Because he is unwell now, he should be tested now rather than waiting: the antigen part of the test is often already positive. A reactive result needs confirmation and urgent referral, because starting antiretroviral therapy early is recommended and the risk of passing on HIV is high during this phase. PEP is no longer an option, as it must be started within 72 hours. Offer screening for other sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis, which can cause a similar rash.

Key clue
Seroconversion-type illness after high-risk exposure
What it means
Possible acute HIV seroconversion illness
What to do
Offer a fourth-generation HIV test with appropriate counselling, arrange follow-up/repeat testing if within the window period, and consider post-exposure prophylaxis discussion if within the eligible window

Why the other options are less appropriate

  • A Antibodies may not have formed at 2 weeks. A negative antibody-only test at this point cannot exclude HIV.
  • B Fourth-generation tests detect p24 antigen, so the window period is far shorter than 6 months. That figure is outdated.
  • D Seroconversion illness typically appears 2–4 weeks after exposure, so these symptoms fit HIV well.
  • E He should be tested now, while antigen levels are high, with a repeat test if negative. Deferring delays diagnosis and treatment.

Source: BHIVA/BASHH/BIA UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing

Question 3Exposure syndromesMedium

A farmer presents with fever, severe headache, myalgia and conjunctival suffusion two weeks after wading in floodwater. He has mild jaundice and a rising creatinine. Which zoonotic infection is most likely, and what exposure history is characteristic?

  1. ALyme disease, associated with tick bites in woodland
  2. BLeptospirosis, associated with exposure to water contaminated by animal urine
  3. CQ fever, associated with parturient farm animals
  4. DBrucellosis, associated with unpasteurised dairy products
  5. EToxoplasmosis, associated with cat faeces exposure
Show answer and explanation

Answer: B Leptospirosis, associated with exposure to water contaminated by animal urine

Wading in floodwater, then fever, severe headache, myalgia and conjunctival suffusion, now with jaundice and a rising creatinine, is the classic picture of leptospirosis progressing to Weil's disease. Leptospira species are spirochaetes excreted in the urine of rats, cattle and other animals. They enter through cuts or mucous membranes in contact with contaminated water or soil. Farmers, sewer workers, vets and people who do freshwater sports are at risk. According to WHO guidance, the incubation period is usually 5–14 days (range 2–30). The illness is often biphasic. Severe disease causes jaundice with only modestly raised transaminases, acute kidney injury (often non-oliguric with hypokalaemia), thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary haemorrhage, which is the most dangerous complication. Diagnosis is by PCR of blood in the first week and by serology later. Do not wait for results before starting treatment. WHO suggests doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days for mild disease, and intravenous benzylpenicillin or ceftriaxone for severe disease. A Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction can follow.

Key clue
Floodwater exposure with conjunctival suffusion, jaundice and renal impairment
What it means
Probable leptospirosis, possibly progressing to Weil's disease
What to do
Start empirical antibiotic therapy promptly, monitor renal and hepatic function closely, and confirm with serology or PCR

Why the other options are less appropriate

  • A Lyme disease follows tick bites in woodland and causes erythema migrans, not jaundice with acute kidney injury after floodwater exposure.
  • C Q fever follows exposure to birth products of sheep, goats or cattle and usually causes pneumonia, hepatitis or endocarditis.
  • D Brucellosis follows unpasteurised dairy products or animal contact and causes undulant fever, sweats and arthralgia, not this picture.
  • E Toxoplasmosis follows exposure to cat faeces or undercooked meat and is usually mild, with lymphadenopathy, in immunocompetent people.

Source: World Health Organization: Human leptospirosis - guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control

Question 4Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infectionHard

A 72-year-old woman has had her third episode of Clostridioides difficile infection within eight months, each initially responding to appropriate antibiotic courses before recurring. She has now completed a further guideline-appropriate antibiotic course with clinical response. What is the most appropriate next step to reduce further recurrence?

  1. ABegin indefinite suppressive oral vancomycin after the completed treatment course
  2. BPrescribe a prolonged course of oral metronidazole to prevent further recurrence
  3. CReserve further intervention and repeat the same antibiotic regimen only after another recurrence
  4. DOffer elective colectomy now despite clinical recovery and absence of fulminant colitis
  5. ERefer for faecal microbiota transplantation because she has had at least two previous episodes
Show answer and explanation

Answer: E Refer for faecal microbiota transplantation because she has had at least two previous episodes

This is her third episode, so she has had at least two previous episodes, which is the threshold NICE uses for considering faecal microbiota transplantation. Recurrence happens because antibiotics leave the colonic microbiome depleted, so spores that survive can germinate again. Transplanting screened donor stool restores the bacteria that resist colonisation and the normal bile acid metabolism that inhibits C. difficile. FMT is given after the antibiotic course is finished, by colonoscopy, enema, nasogastric or nasojejunal tube, or capsules, through a regulated service. NICE NG199 treats a first episode with oral vancomycin 125 mg four times daily for 10 days, and uses fidaxomicin 200 mg twice daily for 10 days second line. Fidaxomicin is preferred for recurrence within 12 weeks of symptom resolution. Stop unnecessary antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors where possible. Colectomy is for fulminant colitis, toxic megacolon or perforation, not prevention. Metronidazole is no longer recommended for C. difficile in NG199.

Key clue
Third appropriately treated recurrence of C. difficile infection within eight months
What it means
Repeated recurrence despite adequate antibiotic therapy indicates disrupted gut microbiota requiring restorative treatment
What to do
Refer for faecal microbiota transplantation because she has had at least two previous episodes

Why the other options are less appropriate

  • A Long-term suppressive vancomycin keeps the microbiome disrupted and is not standard after recurrences. FMT treats the underlying dysbiosis.
  • B Metronidazole is no longer recommended for C. difficile, and prolonged courses risk peripheral neuropathy without preventing recurrence.
  • C She has already had at least two previous episodes, so waiting for a fourth episode delays the intervention most likely to stop recurrence.
  • D She has recovered clinically and has no fulminant colitis, so major surgery has no role in preventing recurrence.

Source: Faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent C. difficile infection — Recommendations

Question 5Tuberculous meningitisHard

A 29-year-old man born outside the UK presents with a three-week history of headache, low-grade fever and confusion. Cerebrospinal fluid shows a lymphocytic pleocytosis, low glucose and high protein, and tuberculous meningitis is strongly suspected clinically despite an initially negative rapid molecular test. What is the most appropriate management?

  1. AStart standard anti-tuberculosis multidrug therapy for a prolonged course with adjunctive corticosteroids
  2. BWithhold treatment until mycobacterial culture confirms the diagnosis, which may take several weeks
  3. CStart a short four-week course of anti-tuberculosis therapy without corticosteroids
  4. DStart corticosteroids alone until diagnostic confirmation is obtained
  5. EStart standard pulmonary tuberculosis treatment duration without corticosteroids
Show answer and explanation

Answer: A Start standard anti-tuberculosis multidrug therapy for a prolonged course with adjunctive corticosteroids

Subacute headache, fever and confusion with a lymphocytic CSF, low glucose and high protein in someone from a higher-incidence country is tuberculous meningitis until proved otherwise. Rapid molecular tests such as Xpert MTB/RIF are specific but miss a substantial proportion of cases in CSF, and culture can take weeks, so a negative result does not exclude it. NICE NG33 advises starting treatment without waiting for confirmation when clinical features suggest CNS TB. The regimen is isoniazid (with pyridoxine), rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months, then isoniazid and rifampicin for a further 10 months, 12 months in total, compared with 6 months for pulmonary TB. NG33 recommends an adjunctive glucocorticoid started at the same time, such as dexamethasone 0.4 mg/kg/day in adults, withdrawn over 4 to 8 weeks, because it reduces mortality in tuberculous meningitis. Offer an HIV test, arrange brain imaging for hydrocephalus, tuberculomas or infarcts, and notify the case to the local health protection team. Hydrocephalus needs neurosurgical input.

Key clue
Lymphocytic CSF pleocytosis with low glucose and high protein, clinical picture consistent with tuberculous meningitis despite a negative rapid test
What it means
Clinical and CSF findings are sufficiently consistent with tuberculous meningitis that treatment should not be delayed for further confirmation
What to do
Start standard anti-tuberculosis multidrug therapy for a prolonged course with adjunctive corticosteroids

Why the other options are less appropriate

  • B Culture takes weeks, and delay in tuberculous meningitis leads to death or permanent neurological damage. Treatment should start on suspicion.
  • C Four weeks is far too short, as CNS TB needs 12 months. Omitting glucocorticoids also loses their mortality benefit.
  • D Glucocorticoids alone do not treat the infection and could let it progress. They are an adjunct to anti-tuberculosis drugs.
  • E Six months of standard treatment is too short for CNS disease, which needs 12 months, and a glucocorticoid should be added.

Source: NICE NG33: Tuberculosis — diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system TB, recommendations 1.3.5.9 and 1.3.7.18

That is 5 of 336. Carry on with infectious diseases in the practice bank, with progress tracking, flashcards and timed sessions.

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Topics covered

Show all 324 infectious diseases topics
  • A deep cat puncture without visible bleeding
  • A low-risk dog graze
  • A negative result soon after exposure
  • A negative sputum smear
  • A non-validated private Lyme result
  • A normal inflammatory marker does not clear meningitis
  • A positive urine culture with no catheter-UTI symptoms
  • A small fluid bolus and reassessment
  • Aciclovir is not routine for every bacterial meningitis presentation
  • Acute bacterial sinusitis orbital red flags
  • Acute hepatitis B
  • Acute HIV infection
  • Acute HIV seroconversion pharyngitis
  • Acute otitis media perforation
  • Acute pyelonephritis antimicrobial stewardship
  • Acute Q fever
  • Acyclovir-resistant mucocutaneous HSV
  • Aeromonas necrotising infection
  • Amoebic colitis mistaken for inflammatory bowel disease
  • Amoebic liver abscess
  • Antibiotic choice for stable cellulitis near the nose
  • Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures
  • Antibiotic selection after an exotic-animal bite
  • Antibiotic timing in high-risk suspected sepsis
  • Antibiotics already started
  • Antibody-test limitations during immunosuppression
  • Antituberculous drug-induced liver injury
  • Aortic-valve endocarditis
  • Asymptomatic candiduria
  • Asymptomatic tick bite is not Lyme disease
  • Babesiosis
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Bacterial meningitis follow-up
  • Balamuthia granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
  • Baseline HIV resistance testing
  • BCG and contact Mantoux
  • BK polyomavirus DNAaemia after kidney transplantation
  • Blood-culture sampling volume
  • Blood-drawing human bite outside the hand
  • Brain abscess
  • Brucellosis
  • C. difficile
  • Candidaemia
  • Candidaemia follow-up
  • Candidozyma auris colonisation
  • Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis
  • Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales
  • Cardiac implantable electronic device infection
  • Cardiac instability in suspected Lyme disease
  • Catheter-related bloodstream infection
  • Cefepime neurotoxicity in renal failure
  • Cerebral toxoplasmosis
  • Chikungunya versus dengue
  • Chlamydia in pregnancy
  • Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis
  • Chronic hepatitis C
  • Clenched-fist human bite
  • Clostridial myonecrosis
  • Clostridioides difficile medication review
  • Clostridioides difficile relapse within 12 weeks
  • CMV retinitis
  • CNS TB adjunct
  • Complement inhibition and meningococcal risk
  • Considering prevention after recurrent hospital-treated cellulitis
  • CRB65-guided place-of-care decision
  • Cryptococcal meningitis
  • Cryptosporidiosis in advanced HIV
  • CT is not a routine gateway to LP
  • Culture delay and high clinical suspicion
  • Culture-guided de-escalation
  • Culture-negative clinically diagnosed tuberculosis
  • Culture-negative endocarditis
  • Cutaneous anthrax
  • Cystic echinococcosis
  • Cytomegalovirus colitis
  • Deep-neck infection imaging
  • Dengue
  • Dengue/enteric fever
  • Dental infection airway risk
  • Dexamethasone timing in suspected bacterial meningitis
  • Diabetes-related foot osteomyelitis
  • Diarrhoea/C difficile
  • Differential time to positivity
  • Diphtheria pseudomembrane
  • Discharge despite prophylaxis after an animal bite
  • Disseminated gonococcal infection
  • Disseminated histoplasmosis with adrenal involvement
  • Disseminated MAC prophylaxis
  • Dolutegravir-lamivudine selection
  • Dosing frequency for routine active pulmonary TB
  • Early negative Lyme serology
  • Ecthyma gangrenosum
  • Edwardsiella tarda sepsis
  • Endocarditis with ischaemic stroke
  • Enlarging nodes during otherwise successful TB treatment
  • Enteric fever
  • Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis
  • Equivocal Lyme screening is not a confirmed diagnosis
  • ESBL pyelonephritis
  • Ethambutol toxicity
  • Explaining local vaginal oestrogen exposure
  • Exposure syndromes
  • Extrapulmonary TB and transmission
  • Fever in an asplenic adult
  • First episode of Clostridioides difficile infection
  • Fish tapeworm and vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Focal signs alter sequence, not urgency
  • Frequency after repeated exposure
  • Fusobacterium jugular thrombophlebitis
  • Genotypic resistance information
  • Giardiasis after negative microscopy
  • Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
  • Healthcare-associated ventriculitis
  • Hepatitis A exposure
  • Hepatitis B needlestick exposure
  • Hepatitis C needlestick
  • Hepatitis D
  • Herpes simplex encephalitis
  • Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
  • Herpes zoster oticus
  • HHV-8-associated multicentric Castleman disease
  • High-risk suspected sepsis
  • High-risk tetanus-prone wound
  • HIV and chronic hepatitis B co-infection
  • HIV and tuberculosis co-infection
  • HIV and tuberculosis co-treatment
  • HIV post-exposure prophylaxis
  • HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
  • HIV test declined because of venepuncture
  • HIV testing after adult bacterial meningitis
  • HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
  • Hospital bloods in a high-prevalence area
  • Human African trypanosomiasis
  • Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
  • Imaging before lumbar puncture without delaying antibiotics
  • Immediate treatment of suspected bacterial meningitis
  • Imported malaria
  • Inactivated vaccines during immunosuppression
  • Inducible AmpC bloodstream infection
  • Infected bite with immediate penicillin allergy
  • Infectious mononucleosis antibiotic rash
  • Infectiousness and isolation
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Influenza epiglottitis differential
  • Initial sputum sampling
  • Intra-abdominal sepsis
  • Intravenous antimicrobial review
  • Intravenous-to-oral antibiotic review in pneumonia
  • Invasive Candidozyma auris infection
  • Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
  • Isolated low-level HIV viraemia
  • Isolation is not lifted by elapsed time alone
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction during Lyme treatment
  • Latent TB and rifampicin interaction
  • Latent tuberculosis before anti-TNF therapy
  • Legionnaires' disease
  • Lemierre syndrome
  • Leptospirosis
  • Life-threatening Clostridioides difficile infection
  • Linking a new positive result to care
  • Listeria rhombencephalitis
  • Live vaccines for household contacts
  • Long-duration symptoms despite negative Lyme ELISA
  • Low-risk diagnostic clarification
  • Lower-tract catheter infection and renal function
  • Lumbar puncture after antibiotics have already started
  • Lumbar puncture contraindication before antibiotics
  • Lyme disease
  • Lyme serology is not a test of cure
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • Lymphoma service testing
  • MAC pulmonary disease
  • Malignant otitis externa
  • Mastoiditis complication
  • Maternal listeriosis
  • Measles exposure
  • Melioidosis
  • Meningococcal chemoprophylaxis
  • Methenamine as an alternative to daily antibiotics
  • Microbiological sampling before treatment
  • Microbiological sampling in suspected genitourinary TB
  • Moderate-risk sepsis and diagnostic time
  • Moderate-risk suspected sepsis
  • Mpox
  • Mycobacterium bovis
  • Mycoplasma genitalium treatment failure
  • NDM-producing Enterobacterales
  • Necrotising fasciitis
  • Needlestick injury
  • Negative cultures after pretreatment do not exclude bacterial meningitis
  • Negative rapid CSF testing in probable tuberculous meningitis
  • Neurological symptoms in miliary TB
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Neutropenic sepsis
  • NEWS2 high-risk sepsis
  • No response after a litre
  • No susceptible oral option on catheter-UTI culture
  • Nocardiosis
  • Node excision does not replace systemic TB treatment
  • Normal inflammatory markers early in meningococcal disease
  • Norovirus outbreak control
  • NTM pulmonary disease
  • Obstructive uro-sepsis
  • Opportunistic infection
  • Oral candidiasis in immunosuppression
  • Oral treatment remains possible with a catheter
  • Osmotic therapy as rescue rather than routine prophylaxis
  • Paired blood glucose at lumbar puncture
  • Paradoxical TB-associated immune reconstitution syndrome
  • Peripheral vascular access
  • Peritonsillar abscess
  • Persistent hepatitis E in immunosuppression
  • Persistent Lyme arthritis after one completed course
  • Pertussis contact management
  • Plasmodium vivax radical cure
  • Pleural tuberculosis
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
  • Pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis
  • Post-artesunate delayed haemolysis
  • Pre-hospital antibiotic priority
  • Preoperative hair removal
  • Preventing recurrent catheter infection
  • Primary Epstein–Barr virus infection
  • Primary syphilis
  • Prior incomplete TB treatment and rapid resistance testing
  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  • Prosthetic joint infection
  • Prosthetic-valve endocarditis
  • Psittacosis
  • Pulmonary and cerebral nocardiosis
  • Pulmonary assessment in extrapulmonary tuberculosis
  • Pulmonary TB when spontaneous sputum cannot be produced
  • Pulmonary tuberculosis
  • Pulmonary tuberculosis infection control
  • Pyelonephritis/complicated UTI
  • Pyomyositis
  • Q fever endocarditis
  • Q-fever endocarditis
  • Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis
  • Rapid TB testing when species identification changes care
  • Rat-bite fever
  • Recent trimethoprim changes empirical risk
  • Recognising life-threatening disease
  • Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
  • Recurrent upper UTI and referral
  • Reinfection after previous Lyme disease
  • Relapse versus reinfection in recurrent UTI
  • Residual deformity after treated spinal tuberculosis
  • Residual discolouration after responding cellulitis
  • Resolved symptoms after a negative Lyme immunoblot
  • Respiratory diphtheria
  • Retropharyngeal abscess
  • Review schedule for methenamine prevention
  • Reviewing daily antibiotic prophylaxis
  • Reviewing dexamethasone once meningococcus is identified
  • Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
  • Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
  • Risk-stratified antibiotic timing
  • Routine fluid restriction is not a meningitis treatment
  • Sampling after a catheter change
  • Scedosporium apiospermum infection after near-drowning
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Screening an adult household contact
  • Screening before latent treatment
  • Scrub typhus
  • Selecting prophylaxis from previous cultures
  • Septic arthritis
  • Septic shock
  • Severe antibiotic allergy in suspected meningitis with Listeria risk
  • Severe babesiosis in asplenia
  • Severe cholera
  • Severe falciparum malaria
  • Severe hepatitis E in pregnancy
  • Severe immunosuppression and latent-TB testing
  • Severe influenza
  • Severe influenza-associated bacterial pneumonia
  • Source control without delaying resuscitation
  • Source control without delaying treatment
  • Specimen handling in suspected lymph-node TB
  • Spinal TB and the indication for surgery
  • Spotted-fever rickettsiosis
  • Standard drug-susceptible pulmonary regimen
  • Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
  • STEC haemorrhagic colitis
  • Stopping antibiotics after five days
  • Stopping precipitating antimicrobials
  • Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
  • Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis
  • Strongyloides hyperinfection
  • Strongyloides hyperinfection risk
  • Suspected measles
  • Symptoms after two completed Lyme treatment courses
  • Syphilis prozone phenomenon
  • Systemic HRT solely to prevent recurrent UTI
  • Talaromycosis
  • Targeted sampling after freshwater exposure
  • TB treatment duration in HIV without CNS disease
  • Testing a child after pulmonary TB exposure
  • Testing for an indicator presentation
  • Testing/acute infection
  • The single-parameter warning
  • The timing of dexamethasone
  • Tick-borne encephalitis prevention
  • Toxoplasma encephalitis primary prophylaxis
  • Trigger-based antibiotic prevention
  • Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis
  • Tuberculous meningitis
  • Tuberculous pericarditis
  • Ulceroglandular tularemia
  • Unclear penicillin allergy
  • Uncomplicated gonorrhoea
  • Urinary alkalinisation during methenamine prevention
  • Varicella exposure in a healthcare worker
  • Varicella exposure in pregnancy
  • Vertebral osteomyelitis
  • Vibrio vulnificus sepsis
  • Viral haemorrhagic fever
  • Visceral leishmaniasis
  • West Nile neuroinvasive disease
  • Whipple disease
  • Xpert Ultra trace result after previous TB
  • Yellow fever vaccine contraindication
  • Yersinia enterocolitica ileitis

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