Hepatology, toxicology and critical care · FICTIONAL CASE

Paracetamol acute liver failure: transfer before the window closes

Recognise evolving acute liver failure after paracetamol exposure and organise senior critical-care and specialist liver-unit discussion early.

Early specialist-centre referral16 minutes0/3 decisions explored
PAUSE BEFORE USING

This is educational content, not a clinical protocol. Verify current guidance, use local pathways and seek appropriate senior or specialist help.

THE CASE

A fictional 31-year-old presents after staggered paracetamol ingestion with worsening confusion, hypoglycaemia, acidosis and rising INR.

01 · INITIAL PRESENTATION

Listen for the assumption.

SHO

The paracetamol concentration is low, so the antidote can probably stop.

Registrar

In staggered exposure with evolving liver failure, what matters more than one concentration?

SHO

The clinical trajectory: encephalopathy, glucose, acid-base status, renal function and coagulation. I will involve critical care and a specialist liver unit now.

WHERE IS THE CONSULTANT?

Choose an answer below and reveal the reasoning to see consultant feedback at every checkpoint. The full consultant-led synthesis follows after all three decisions.

Go to the first decision ↓
EVOLVING INFORMATION

The picture develops.

  1. New confusion and recurrent hypoglycaemia
  2. Metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury
  3. INR rising after staggered paracetamol exposure
02 · DECISION CHECKPOINTS

Commit before you reveal.

After you select an option, reveal the model reasoning and the consultant’s feedback.

DECISION 1What is the most important next step?
DECISION 2What should be monitored in parallel?
DECISION 3Which statement is unsafe?
03 · CONSULTANT-LED SYNTHESIS

Hear the senior team refine the plan.

The registrar tests the plan, the consultant synthesises the key principle, and the SHO confirms the safer next steps.

Registrar

Obtain a precise exposure history, but do not let uncertainty delay antidote and specialist advice under the appropriate pathway.

Consultant

Early referral protects the chance of safe transfer. The liver unit guides prognostication, transplant assessment and ongoing therapy.

SHO

I will record glucose and neurological trends, organ support and the agreed receiving-centre plan.

CLINORA DECISION TRACE
01 · CUEParacetamol exposure with encephalopathy, acidosis and coagulopathy
02 · INTERPRETEvolving acute liver failure
03 · ACTResuscitate, monitor and refer early
SAFETY CHECK

What must remain explicit.

  • Use current local toxicology and acute-liver-failure guidance.
  • Involve critical care and a specialist liver unit early.
  • This case does not replace TOXBASE or specialist advice.
COMMON ERRORS

Where reasoning fails.

  • Relying on one drug concentration
  • Delaying specialist discussion
  • Treating INR alone
STRUCTURED HANDOVER
Acute liver failure after [exposure pattern], neurology [trend], glucose/acid-base/renal/coagulation [trend], antidote [status] and liver-unit discussion [time/plan].
REFLECTIVE PAUSE

What feature would trigger referral even before overt encephalopathy?